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      <a id="midipitchbend"></a>
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      <a id="IndexMidipitchbend" class="indexterm"></a>
      <div class="refnamediv">
        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">midipitchbend</span>
        </h2>
        <p>midipitchbend — 
      Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
          </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124794960"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>midipitchbend</em></span> is designed to simplify writing instruments that can be used interchangeably for either score or MIDI input, and to make it easier to adapt instruments originally written for score input to work with MIDI input.
    </p>
        <p>
      In general, it should be possible to write instrument definitions that work identically with both scores
and MIDI, including both MIDI files and real-time MIDI input, without using any conditional statements, and that take full advantage of MIDI voice messages.
    </p>
        <p>
      Note that correlating Csound instruments with MIDI channel numbers is done using the <a class="link" href="massign.html" title="massign"><em class="citetitle">massign</em></a> opcode for real-time performance,.  For file-driven performance, instrument numbers default to MIDI channel number + 1, but the defaults are overridden by any MIDI program change messages in the file.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124863472"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>midipitchbend</strong></span> xpitchbend [, ilow] [, ihigh]</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124865504"></a>
        <h2>Initialization</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ilow</em></span> (optional) -- optional low value after rescaling, defaults to 0.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ihigh</em></span> (optional) -- optional high value after rescaling, defaults to 127.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124868288"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>xpitchbend</em></span> -- returns the MIDI pitch bend during MIDI activation, remains unchanged otherwise.
    </p>
        <p>
      If the instrument was activated by MIDI input, the opcode overwrites the value of <span class="emphasis"><em>xpitchbend</em></span> with the corresponding value from MIDI input. If the instrument was <span class="emphasis"><em>NOT</em></span> activated by MIDI input, the value of <span class="emphasis"><em>xpitchbend</em></span> remains unchanged.
    </p>
        <p>
      This enables score p-fields to receive MIDI input data during MIDI activation, and score values otherwise.
    </p>
        <div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
          <table border="0" summary="Note: Adapting a score-activated Csound instrument.">
            <tr>
              <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25">
                <img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png" />
              </td>
              <th align="left">Adapting a score-activated Csound instrument.</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <p>See the <a class="link" href="MidiInterop.html" title="MIDI/Score Interoperability opcodes"><em class="citetitle">MIDI interop opcodes</em></a> section for details on adapting score driven instruments for MIDI or vice-versa.</p>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </table>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124874944"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the midipitchbend opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/midipitchbend.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">midipitchbend.csd</em></a>.
      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp124876832"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 504. Example of the midipitchbend opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac    -M1  <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out and midi in </span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o midipitchbend.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span>  <span class="op">=</span> 1

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1

<span class="opc">midinoteonoct</span> p4, p5				<span class="comment">;gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value into p4, and MIDI velocity into p5</span>

kvel <span class="op">=</span> p5<span class="op">/</span>127					<span class="comment">;scale midi velocity to 0-1</span>
kpb <span class="opc">init</span> 0
<span class="opc">midipitchbend</span> kpb
<span class="opc">printk2</span> kpb					<span class="comment">;display the pitch-bend value when it changes</span>
koct <span class="op">=</span>	p4<span class="op">+</span>kpb					<span class="comment">;add pitchbend values to octave-point-decimal value</span>
kcps <span class="op">=</span>	<span class="opc">cpsoct</span>(koct)				<span class="comment">;convert octave-point-decimal value into Hz			</span>
kenv <span class="opc">madsr</span> 0.5, 0.8, 0.8, 0.5			<span class="comment">;amplitude envelope multiplied by</span>
asig <span class="opc">vco2</span> kenv<span class="op">*</span>kvel, kcps			<span class="comment">;velocity value			</span>
     <span class="opc">outs</span>  asig, asig				

<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 0 30	<span class="comment">;runs for 30 seconds</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 2 0 4096 10 1	

<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2 8.000 100	<span class="comment">; play these notes from score as well</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 2 8.917 100
<span class="stamnt">e</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />

      Its output should include lines like:
      </p>
        <pre class="screen">
 i1     0.12695
 i1     0.00000
 i1    -0.01562
      </pre>
        <p>
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124881888"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="midichannelaftertouch.html" title="midichannelaftertouch"><em class="citetitle">midichannelaftertouch</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midicontrolchange.html" title="midicontrolchange"><em class="citetitle">midicontrolchange</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="mididefault.html" title="mididefault"><em class="citetitle">mididefault</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midinoteoff.html" title="midinoteoff"><em class="citetitle">midinoteoff</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midinoteoncps.html" title="midinoteoncps"><em class="citetitle">midinoteoncps</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midinoteonkey.html" title="midinoteonkey"><em class="citetitle">midinoteonkey</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midinoteonoct.html" title="midinoteonoct"><em class="citetitle">midinoteonoct</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midinoteonpch.html" title="midinoteonpch"><em class="citetitle">midinoteonpch</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midipolyaftertouch.html" title="midipolyaftertouch"><em class="citetitle">midipolyaftertouch</em></a>, 
      <a class="link" href="midiprogramchange.html" title="midiprogramchange"><em class="citetitle">midiprogramchange</em></a>
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp124892672"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>Author: Michael Gogins</p>
        <p>New in version 4.20</p>
      </div>
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